Time-varying prognostic value of primary tumor sidedness in metastatic colorectal cancer: A population-based study and meta-analysis

We studied the prognostic value of primary tumor sidedness in metastatic colorectal cancer over time and across treatment lines. Population data on synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer patients were extracted from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and SEER database. Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched for prospective studies on metastatic colorectal cancer to conduct a meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria consisted of metastatic disease, systemic treatment with palliative intent and specification of primary tumor location. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. For the population-based data, multivariable Cox models were constructed. The Grambsch-Therneau test was conducted to evaluate the potential time-varying nature of sidedness. Meta-regression incorporating treatment-line as variable was conducted to test the pre-specified hypothesis that the prognostic value of sidedness varies over time. Analysis of 12 885 and 16 160 synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer patients registered in the Netherlands Cancer Registry and SEER database, respectively, indicated a time-varying prognostic value of sidedness (P < .01). Thirty-one studies were selected for the meta-analysis (9558 patients for overall survival analysis). Pooled univariable hazard ratio_{left-sided/right-sided} for overall survival was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.65-0.76) in 1st-line, 0.76 (0.54-1.06) in 2nd-line and 1.01 (0.86-1.19) in 3rd-line studies. Hazard ratios were significantly influenced by treatment line (P = .035). The prognostic value of sidedness of the primary tumor in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with palliative systemic therapy decreases over time since diagnosis, suggesting that sidedness may not be a useful stratification factor in late-line trials. This decrease in prognostic value should be taken into account when providing prognostic information to patients.     

槲皮素通过抑制氧化应激改善3×Tg-AD小鼠的认知功能障碍＊

目的 探讨槲皮素（Quercetin，QT）对含有3个突变等位基因（PS1、APP、Tau）的纯合子小鼠（3×Tg-AD）的认知功能改善作用及其机制。方法 通过基因鉴定确定小鼠的基因型，将9月龄的3×Tg-AD小鼠和其同窝野生对照小鼠随机分为4组：野生型组（wildtype，WT）、野生型 + QT组（WT + QT）、模型组（3×Tg-AD）和模型小鼠 + QT组（3×Tg-AD + QT），每组8只。WT + QT组和3×Tg-AD + QT组的小鼠灌胃给予QT 15 mg/kg/天，WT组和3×Tg-AD组的小鼠灌胃给予等体积溶剂，共治疗8周。第7周进行水迷宫实验检测小鼠的学习记忆能力。采用ELISA法检测小鼠脑组织中的肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α）、白介素-1β（interleukin-1β）和小鼠血清中谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase，GSH-Px）的含量；试剂盒检测小鼠血清中丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）和总超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）的含量以及脑组织中一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）的含量；Western blot检测脑组织中核转录因子E2相关因子2和Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1的表达水平。结果 3×Tg-AD组小鼠存在明显的认知功能障碍；而3×Tg-AD + QT组小鼠的学习记忆能力明显提高（P < 0.05）。另外，3×Tg-AD组血清中MDA水平较WT组升高，SOD与GSH-Px水平较WT组下降；3×Tg-AD + QT组小鼠血清中MDA水平下降，SOD和GSH-Px水平则升高。3×Tg-AD组小鼠脑组织中的NO、TNF-α、IL-1β水平明显升高；3×Tg-AD + QT组小鼠脑组织中的炎症因子水平均明显降低（P < 0.05）。3×Tg-AD组小鼠脑组织中的Nrf2表达降低，Keap1表达升高；3×Tg-AD + QT组中，Nrf2表达上调，Keap1表达下调（P < 0.05）。结论 QT可能通过抑制炎症因子和MDA，Keap1的水平，上调SOD，GSH-Px，Nrf2的表达，发挥改善3×Tg-AD小鼠学习记忆能力的作用。     

Numerical Integrators for Dispersion-Managed KdV Equation

In this paper, we consider the numerics of the dispersion-managed Korteweg-de Vries (DM-KdV) equation for describing wave propagations in inhomogeneous media. The DM-KdV equation contains a variable dispersion map with discontinuity, which makes the solution non-smooth in time. We formally analyze the convergence order reduction problems of some popular numerical methods including finite difference and time-splitting for solving the DM-KdV equation, where a necessary constraint on the time step has been identified. Then, two exponential-type dispersion-map integrators up to second order accuracy are derived, which are efficiently incorporated with the Fourier pseudospectral discretization in space, and they can converge regardless of the discontinuity and the step size. Numerical comparisons show the advantage of the proposed methods with the application to solitary wave dynamics and extension to the fast & strong dispersion-management regime.     

中医药调控益生菌防治肺炎的研究进展＊

肺炎是呼吸系统疾病中的常见疾病，发病率高，可伴有多种并发症，严重时可危及生命健康。肺炎患者多伴有肠道菌群失调，表现为有益菌减少，且益生菌可通过“肠-肺轴”影响肺部免疫参与肺炎的发生发展。中医以“肺”与“大肠”两者之间的生理及病理关系为基础，通过整体观念和辨证论治发挥了治疗肺炎的独特的优势。近年来，许多研究表明中医药在治疗肺炎的过程中具有改善肠道微生态作用，但肺炎的中医辨证分型与肠道菌群的相关性尚不明确。本文从中医辨证分型论治肺炎的角度出发，总结不同辨证分型的肺炎与肠道菌群结构特征，阐述中医治疗肺炎过程中对于益生菌的调节作用和“证型—中药—益生菌”的对应关系。通过讨论益生菌在防治肺炎中的关键作用，展望中医辩证联合益生菌治疗肺炎的应用前景，以期为肺炎的防治提供新思路和新靶点，也为将来指导不同肺炎证型患者选择适合的中药及益生菌提供理论依据。     

杨宇飞教授舌癌的中医康复治疗与验案两则＊

舌癌患者手术及放化疗后会出现构音障碍、吞咽困难、口腔黏膜炎、口干、营养不良等并发症，使患者生存质量下降，甚至导致肿瘤的复发转移，影响生存期，单一方法往往顾此失彼。依托于中国中医科学院西苑医院肿瘤康复基地，杨宇飞教授在国内外调研考察基础上，结合中国国情，构建了一种“门诊多学科肿瘤康复模式”，在舌癌康复方面，以患者为中心，以中医肿瘤内科为主导，多学科共同参与，结合康复科、口腔科、营养科、药剂科等各科优势，形成全程个体化规范序贯康复方案，对患者及早进行康复，在放疗前进行预防性干预尤其重要，使患者能够快速缓解手术和放疗的不良反应，患者获益明显。现取两个典型案例总结其舌癌多学科康复的经验，以期为舌癌的康复提供借鉴。